Washington, D.C.--- Can
the need to protect the environment be reconciled with the desire to
safeguard jobs? Labor markets will shift to fit the demands of a greener
economy as resources shrink and the climate changes. But with 38
percent of workers worldwide employed in carbon-intensive sectors like
fossil fuel extraction and industrial manufacturing, this transition
will be challenging. In State of the World 2014,
contributing authors Judith Gouverneur and Nina Netzer point to the
central role of trade unions in building a "just transition" toward a
greener economy (www.worldwatch.org).
Through
the coming social and ecological transition, some jobs will be shifted
or redefined to fit the new economy, such as moving from fossil fuels to
renewables. Other jobs, however-such as those in the coal sector-will
be lost or displaced to countries with laxer constraints on greenhouse
gas emissions. A badly managed transition could have disastrous
consequences on employment.
"In
modern societies, work is at the center of the relationship between
nature and society.... Achieving sustainable ways of living is therefore
inextricably linked to the way we decide to organize work in the
future," write Gouverneur and Netzer. "Parts of the trade union
movement, as well as some individual unions, have accepted the reality
that they need to become active participants in the transition toward
sustainability."
To address the transition
challenge, some trade unions have proposed a "just transition," a
concept coined in the 1990s that strengthens the view that environmental
and social policies can reinforce each other. Using this approach,
unions promote the employment potential of a green economy through
innovation and technology as well as through resource efficiency.
Yet
trade unions remain reluctant to step in as the main driver of the
green transformation. And they often neglect the need to shift
lifestyles and businesses away from the excessive use of goods,
resources, and energy.
"This
is understandable insofar as the trade union movement, with its
traditional goals of advancing worker interests, is deeply anchored
within an economic system that bases wealth generation on continuous
growth of production and consumption," write Gouverneur and Netzer.
But
there are potential solutions. Lars Henriksson, a Swedish autoworker
and political activist, suggests that unions aim not to preserve
unsustainable industries in the name of employment, but to engage
workers in developing sustainable conversion strategies. In 2009, for
example, union representatives united with environmentalists,
researchers, and citizen's groups to develop a sustainable transport
plan in Europe after facing railroad privatization. Unions can also help
to secure equitable redistribution of work by requiring continuing
education and training, adapting existing social protection systems, and
regulating staffing and wage agreements.
Trade
unions have a central role in ensuring that the transition moves beyond
a "jobs versus environment" debate and enables a shift to workers being
drivers of change, rather than victims.
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